Why Form 5495 Underlying 2017-2023

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Hi welcome to introduction to linguistics today we are going to learn how to solve phonology problems before we do that let's review some key concepts what is a phoneme the phoneme is a contrastive segment minimal contrastive units of sounds phonemes are abstract mental entities native speakers subconsciously understand that this sound serve to distinguish the meaning of words in their language from one another so for example when you have the sound of the tea in time you know that that sound is different from the sound of the dime so we can say that although they have the same environment look at here I'm I'm these two sounds are different so they are two different phonemes now remember phonemes contrast what is an elephant an elephant is a distinct variant of a phoneme it's the actual phonetic segment produced by a speaker for examples when we have the phoneme T we don't pronounce that T always the same way you have the aspirated T like top this one is not aspirated stop this one would be a flap little this one will be a glottal stop kitten and this one would be a syllabic hunter for some speakers so these are all variants of the same phoneme the T okay so when you think about elephants you remember they're non contrastive we are going to see how to identify phonemes in a language how do we do that well phonemes make distinctions in meaning if two sounds are members of separate phonemes minimal pairs can almost always be found remember we discussed minimal pairs let's see one example of minimal pairs a good example is time and time this is a minimal pair why because you have the same exact environment I'm I'm and the only difference...